Measurements units and dimensions pdf

The walls around a shower need not be dimensioned when a note, 36" mm square shower, defines the inside dimen- sions. Metric dimensions can vary depending on hard or soft conversion, as discussed in Chapter 16 and later in this chapter.

Dimensions are placed from the face of exterior studs to the face of studs at interior parti- tions, and to the centers of doors and windows. Detailed founda- tion information is provided in Chapter 33 through Chapter Certain features shown on the floor plan are established on the foundation plan.

The dimensions provided in the D foundation plan determine the location and size of the garage door opening as shown in Figure A. B The floor plan representation of the garage garage door location and size dimensions are given door can be left undimensioned when the dimensions are given on the foundation plan. Some offices prefer to dimen- on the foundation plan as in A. C Finish opening dimensions, to a feature such as a garage door, can be given on the floor sion the finish garage door openings as a reference as plan, even when the rough opening dimensions are provided on shown in Figure C.

Another common practice the foundation plan. D Location dimensions, to a feature such is to dimension the center line of the garage door for as a garage door, can be given on the floor plan, even when the reference as shown in Figure D. Other arc and circular floor plan features are dimensioned on the floor plan by giving location and radius or diameter dimensions.

A radius is the distance from the center of an arc or circle to the circumference. The diameter is the distance across an arc or circle passing through the center. The circumference is the distance around the perimeter of a circle. An arc floor plan feature, such as an arc wall, can be dimen- sioned giving the overall dimensions to the face of studs as shown in Figure A, or by locating the center and giving the radius using a leader line as shown in Figure B.

The R preceding the radius dimension in Figure B is the abbreviation for radius. A leader line is a line that connects a note to the feature being identified. A leader line starts at the center of the beginning or end of the note and points to the feature. The start of a straight leader line has a small horizontal shoulder where the leader begins at the note and has a filled arrowhead or slash mark where it is connected to the feature.

Architectural leader lines can also be drawn using a curved line see Figure and Figure This type of note is referred to as a specific note, because it dimensions a specific feature on the drawing.

Specific notes are described in more detail later in this chapter. A group of circular features, such as columns, is dimensioned on the floor plan using coordinate or angular dimensions. Coordinate dimensions pro- vide horizontal and vertical location dimensions to the center of the circular features as shown in Figure A.

Angular dimensions are given by locating the center of the cir- cular feature pattern and by providing the continuous angles between features as shown in Figure B. A combination of coordinate and angular dimen- A Using coordinate dimensions to the face of studs to locate and give the size of an arc feature on the floor plan.

B Using a sions can be used depending on the application and center location and a radius dimension to the face of studs to office practice. A leader line is used to place the radius dimension and radius is abbreviated with the letter R. A Using coordinate dimensions from the face of exterior studs to the centers of features in a circular pattern. B Using a center location dimension to locate the center of a pattern of features and a diameter dimension with a leader line to specify the diameter of the pattern.

A leader is used to specify the number of features and the diameter of the features in the circular pattern. More space can be pro- vided for custom architectural applications where space All walls, edges of brick, and brick fireplaces are thick is available.

All other lines are thin. Under-counter appliances such as the dishwasher shop: 5" mm. Refer to Chapter 9 for exact code requirements. Many addi- to cabinet for passage, with 48" mm pre- tional sizes and specifications are available.

Many additional sizes mm wide minimum. Place the dishwasher near to mm minimum tread. Review Chapter 16 the upper cabinet for easy storage of dishes. Place the kitchen typical plumbing fixtures. Many size and shape options desk out of the main work triangle. Minimum and Recommended Window Dimensions Metric values of above products vary, depending on manufacturer, and are generally in even modules.

Other 8'-0" 2'-0" 5'-6" 6'-6" methods of residential construction include masonry veneer, structural masonry, concrete block, and solid concrete. Masonry veneer construction is the application of thin 4" masonry, such as stone or brick, to the exte- rior of a wood-frame structure. Masonry VENEER veneer can also be applied to interior frame partitions where the appearance of stone or brick is desired. Some concrete blocks have a textured or sculptured surface to provide a pleasant exterior appearance.

Most concrete-block construction must be covered, such as by masonry veneer, for a finished look. Rough opening is the opening in a wall or framework of a building, into which a Structural masonry, also referred to as reinforced feature such as a door or window frame is installed. Structural masonry is attractive in appearance in the same way as wood-frame construction. To do and does not normally need to be covered with wood- so, they must add specific information in notes or sec- frame or other masonry products.

In combination with tion views about wall thicknesses and openings. Some certain insulation, the standard 8" mm reinforced practices use the abbreviation RO to identify rough masonry wall can have R-values up to Structural openings, or use MO to identify masonry openings. Solid concrete construction is typically dimensioned the same as concrete-block con- WOOD struction see Figure Specific Solid concrete construction is used in residential and notes are also called local notes because they identify commercial construction projects.

In residential con- isolated items. In solid the following examples. Place all windows in a sched- desired. When the concrete cures hardens , the forms ule, often grouped by type and size. Window size are removed and the structure is complete, except for and type can also be placed directly on the floor any surface preparation that may be needed.

Developing schedules and placing window Masonry veneer can be placed on either side of con- sizes directly on the floor plan is described in crete walls for an attractive appearance. Wood framing Chapter Place all doors in a schedule, often the inside of concrete walls. The wood framing attached to concrete walls is in the form of furring, which is usu- grouped by type and size.

Door size and type can ally nailed in place with concrete nails. Furring is wood also be placed directly on the floor plan. Developing strips that are fastened to the studs or interior walls schedules and placing door sizes directly on the floor and ceilings and on which wall materials are attached.

Place room names in the center of all and a nailing surface for attaching finish wall materials. Give size, type, and mate- 4. Other specifications can also be given. Confirm other requirements with local codes. Give direction of travel, number of risers, and rail height. Label all closets with name and number the application. The period of oscillation of a pendulum is 1. Here 1 and 6 will be the reliable and 2 is uncertain. Hence, the measured value will be having three significant figures.

All non-zero digits will be significant. Irrespective of decimal place, all zeros between two non-zero digits will be significant irrespective of decimal place. Zeroes before non-zero digits and after decimal are not considered as significant, for a value less than 1. Zero present before decimal place in case of these number will be insignificant always.

Trailing zeroes in case of a number without any decimal place will be insignificant. Trailing zeroes in case of a number with decimal place will be significant. Variation of units will not change number of significant digits. As an example,. Here, first two quantities are having 4 but third quantity is having 2 significant figures.

Make use of scientific notation for reporting measurements. Here, as the power of 10 is being irrelevant, number of significant figures will be 4. Multiplying or dividing exact numbers will be giving infinite number of significant digits. In this case, 2 can be represented as 2, 2. Multiplication or. Addition or Subtraction. The end result must retain as many significant figures as there in the initial number with the least number of significant digits. The end result must have as many decimal places similar way as in the original number with the least decimal places.

Addition of As Rounding off will be essential for reducing the number of insignificant figures to hold to the rules of arithmetic operation with significant figures. Rule Number. Insignificant digit. Preceding digit. Example rounding off to two decimal places.

Insignificant digit to be dropped. Preceding digit is. Number— 3. Result —3. Preceding digit is left unchanged. Insignificant digit to be dropped being equal to 5. When preceding digit is even, it is left unchanged. When preceding digit is odd, it is raised by 1. For calculating the uncertainty, below process must be used.

Do summation of a lowest amount of uncertainty in the original numbers. Example uncertainty for 3. Find out these in percentage also. In the uncertainty, round off the decimal place for obtaining the end uncertainty result. For example, for a rectangle,. When we multiply,. The relative error of a value of number mentioned to significant figures will be dependent on n and on the number itself.

As an example, say accuracy for two numbers 1. But relative errors are:. Therefore, the relative error will be dependent upon number itself.

The results in the intermediate step of a multi-step computation should be found to have one significant figure more in all the measurement than the number of digits in the least precise measurement. Therefore, taking one extra digit will be providing more precise outputs and reduces rounding off errors. The powers exponents to which base quantities are raised to represent that quantity can be defined as dimensions of a physical quantity.

They are figured as the square brackets around the quantity. Dimensions of the 7 base quantities has been considered as — Length [L], time [T], Mass [M], thermodynamic temperature [K], luminous intensity [cd], electric current [A] and amount of substance [mol]. For example,. The other dimensions for a quantity will be always 0. As an example, in the case of volume only length has 3 dimensions but the mass, time. Dimensions will not affect the magnitude of a quantity Dimensional formula and Dimensional Equation.

The expression which is representing how and which of the base quantities represent the dimensions of a physical quantity is defined as Dimensional Formula. An equation we got after equating a physical quantity with its dimensional formula is a Dimensional Equation. Physical Quantity. Dimensional Formula. Dimensional Equation. Mass Density.

The physical quantities which is having similar dimensions only can be added and subtracted. This can be named as the principle of homogeneity of dimensions. Dimensions are multipliable and can be cancelled as normal algebraic methods. Quantities on both sides should always have identical dimensions, in mathematical equations.

Arguments of special functions such as trigonometric, logarithmic and ratio of similar physical quantities will be dimensionless.

Equations will be uncertain to the extent of dimensionless quantities. In Dimension terms,. When we check the Dimensional Consistency of equations. A dimensionally correct equation should be having identical dimensions on both sides of the equation. There is no need for a dimensionally correct equation to be a correct equation but a dimensionally incorrect equation will be always incorrect.

Dimensional validity can be tested but not calculate the correct relationship between the physical quantities. Dimensions on both sides will be [L] because [T] get cancelled out. When deselected, each time you draw a distance measurement, you move the mouse to determine the leader length. Default Line Start. Default Line End. Caption Style Distance Tool only.

Default Leader Length Distance Tool only. Specify snap behavior. Sensitivity indicates how close the pointer must be to the item being snapped to.

Snap Hint Color specifies the color of the snap line that appears when you hold the pointer over the object. The Cursor Coordinates show the coordinate position of the pointer within the document pane. The position numbering begins in the upper-left corner of the document. Cursor Coordinates also shows the width and height of a selected object as you resize it. Legal Notices Online Privacy Policy. User Guide Cancel.

View grids. View or hide the grid. Turn the Snap To Grid option on or off. Change the grid appearance. To change grid settings, do any of the following:. Create ruler guides. Create new ruler guides. Do one of the following:. Show or hide guides. Move or delete ruler guides. To move a guide, click the guide to select it and then drag it to a new location. To delete a guide, click the guide to select it and press the Delete key.

Change guide colors. Click the Guide Color square and choose a new color from the Color pop-up menu. Measure the height, width, or area of objects. The measurement toolset is displayed in the secondary toolbar. In the secondary toolbar, click Measuring Tool. The Measuring toolbar and the Measurement Info panel are displayed. To measure areas of your PDF document, select any of the following measurement types:.

While measuring objects, do any of the following:. Measuring tool options.